A Theological and Astronomical Fact Check

A post is going around Facebook that has some people up in arms. It happens to be right in my wheelhouse as a space fan and a theology geek, so let’s take a look. Fair warning: this is a very long one.

The post was, as far as I can tell, originally posted by someone named “Dawn Marie,” whose bio reads “Jesus chaser๐Ÿ•Š๐Ÿคโ˜๏ธ Animal lover ๐Ÿถ Functional medicine + Self sufficient๐ŸŒฟ Medical freedom ๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ”—which immediately brings up some huge red flags—and it leads with the following images: (click to enlarge)

Striking. Maybe? We’ll see. I’ll be using ๐Ÿ“– to refer to theological assessments and ๐Ÿ’ซ for astronomical ones, and grading each claim on a scale from โœ… to โš ๏ธ to ๐Ÿ›‘. If I don’t know or can’t find the answer to something, I’ll try to be as honest as I can.

All I will say is: AMERICA..โ€ฆREPENT!!!!
โ€œImportant info!
I’m not claiming to know exactly what all of this means, […]

๐Ÿ“–โš ๏ธ. Press X to doubt. This is particularly funny because she begins with an assertion of what all of this means (“REPENT!!”) and continues thereafter to make even more assertions about what all of this means, but I’m fact checking her astronomical and theological statements, so let’s keep moving.

[…] but I think it is important enough for all of us to be aware that this is happening and pray for wisdom in this area. On April 8th this year, there will be an eclipse. One singular eclipse is pretty amazing […]

๐Ÿ’ซโœ…. All of this is true! I’m very excited about the upcoming eclipse, for which my home will be in the totality. Just nineteen more days!

[…] but this one is actually the last in a 3 part series that has SO much meaning behind it. […]

๐Ÿ’ซ๐Ÿ›‘. Not so much. This isn’t the “last,” or even part of a series of three. Due to the orbital dynamics of the Earth/Moon system, there are actually an average of about two eclipses per year; usually a little less than six months apart from one another. The April 8, 2024 eclipse will actually be the 51st of 224 eclipses in the 21st century; hardly an auspicious number. It will be the fourth of ten eclipses to cross the United States in that timeframe, and the second of five total eclipses. It’s actually shocking how much it’s not the third of anything here.

Maybe, if you wanted to play really fast and loose with the dates, you might say it’s the third eclipse to pass over the US in quick succession. But even that is tough to defend; there were eclipses in 2017, 2023, and 2024, which would make the upcoming one the third in twelve years, yes; but the one before 2017 was in 2012, which means that the 2017 eclipse should be a part of the previous series instead, right?

[…] It is important to know that God said that He would use the sun, moon and stars to communicate with us:
Genesis 1:14- โ€œThen God said, ‘Let there be lights in the expanse of the heavens to separate the day from the night, and let them be for signs and for seasons and for days and years…” […]

๐Ÿ“–โš ๏ธ. Whenever you see an ellipsis in a Bible reference, be wary. (I added an additional one in brackets so that you could see that it was pre-existing.) So what was she trying to cover up in the remainder of that passage? Genesis 1:15 continues the sentence: “…and let them be lights in the expanse of the heavens to give light upon the earth.’ And it was so.” Verse 15 makes clear that this isn’t intended as a method of communication, but of timekeeping and illumination; and while the Hebrew word translated “signs” here can also mean “omen” or “warning,” its use in Genesis is exclusively as a marker or a stamp of the covenant (Genesis 4:15, Genesis 9:12-13, Genesis 17:11). I think this is more likely God’s way of signing His work than communicating hidden truths to us; a royal seal of sorts.

Side note, I can’t tell what Bible version Dawn is using. Some of it reads like the ESV, but it’s not exactly right. Maybe she’s transcribing from a paper Bible (she seems like the type of person that might be distrustful of digital Bibles), but it’s odd enough that I’m planning to note whether she’s playing fast and loose with translations here.

[…] Luke 21:25 – โ€œThere will be signs in the sun, moon and stars. On the earth, nations will be in anguish and perplexity at the roaring and tossing of the sea.” […]

๐Ÿ“–โš ๏ธ. This one has a little bit more interpretive backing behind it. The predominant use of the Greek word that’s translated as “signs” in Luke 21:25 does indeed carry the connotation of “omen” or “miracle” throughout the New Testament. However, we should see here a warning in trying to interpret things this way: in many cases the people asking for these signs are not believers, but Pharisees—within the account of the Gospels, the villains of the story—trying to get some sort of secret information or to discredit Jesus. So we should be wary of what we’re trying to do here.

Incidentally, she seems to be using the NIV here.

[…] So now that you know that God said that He would use the sun, moon and stars to communicate with us, let’s break down this 3 part eclipse series: […]

Assertions are not proof, Dawn.

[…] 1) With the path of this last eclipse, combined with the first 2 eclipses (one in 2017 and the other in 2023), it will create the Hebrew letter over America that is “Aleph Tav” and in Greek it is the “Alepha and Omega” – both means “The beginning and the end.” God said in Revelation 21:6 that He is the beginning and the end and this Aleph Tav is like His signature. Why would He use an eclipse to put His signature over America? […]

Ooh, we’ve got a double here: bad astronomy AND bad theology!

๐Ÿ’ซโš ๏ธ. Okay, look. Any three intersecting lines will make a triangle, and the Paleo-Hebrew “alep” is basically just a triangle. But look at this map, overlaying all eclipses between 2000 and 2040: there are a lot of triangles. Are we saying that there’s an Aleph Tav over every single one of those? Is God marking Northern Brazil, or three different places in Africa? What about Australia, with its three overlapping Alephs? What did Iceland do to deserve that HUGE Aleph at the top of the map? There’s a little bitty one in Antarctica, is there some outpost of particular sin down there?

๐Ÿ“–๐Ÿ›‘. There’s a lot here, theologically, and none of it good for Dawn’s point. First, while God uses the Alpha and Omega to refer to Himself in the New Testament, that’s exclusively a Greek New Testament thing. He never referred to Himself as ๐ค€๐ค•โ€Ž in the Bible; ฮ‘ฮฉ yes, but the Greek term is specifically used because He was identifying Himself as the holder of the sum of all knowledge: beginning and end, inclusive. But that’s not a particularly Hebrew idea; He identified Himself to the Israelites as ๐ค‰๐ค„๐ค…๐ค„, which we transliterate “YHWH” or “Yahweh”—meaning “I Am,” or “He Who Is.” If God chose to use an archaic letter to sign His name on the Earth using the shadow of the moon, wouldn’t the Paleo-Hebrew yod (๐ค‰) or the Greek alpha (ฮ‘) make more sense?

Second, God doesn’t identify Himself using archaic words and terms. Every time He identifies Himself in the Bible, it’s using terms and words familiar to the people listening.

  • He introduced Himself as “the God of Abraham your father” to Isaac, the son of Abraham;
  • as “the God of Bethel” to his son Jacob, referring to the place where Jacob had worshiped Him; and later as “the God of your father;”
  • as “I AM” to the people of Israel, through Moses;
  • as “the Lord” to the people of Israel, when He was promising land to them;

…and that’s just in Genesis and Exodus alone. In a very real way, God is His own story, and He identifies Himself by pointing back to other parts of his story. “I’m the God who did that!”

Obviously this whole thing is heading toward an apocalyptic prediction, but let me just head that off at the pass right here and right now: God calls Himself kyrios theos (ฮบแฝปฯฮนฮฟฯ‚ ฮธฮตแฝนฯ‚)—”The Lord God”—in the book of Revelation.

[…] Let’s dig deeper:
2) He has used eclipses to warn nations of coming judgement so that the nation can repent of their sinful ways and come back to Him. This happened with the story of Ninevah. God told Jonah to go to the wicked nation of Ninevah and warn them about coming judgement. Jonah ran away from the assignment and while out at sea got swallowed up by a whale and was in the whale for 3 days. Jonah repented of running away so the whale spit him up. He then went to Ninevah and warned the people but there was something that also happened while he was warning the people…an eclipse came over the land. In the 19th century, ancient tablets were discovered that describe an eclipse called the Bur-Sagale eclipse where the totality of the eclipse landed right over Ninevah while Jonah was there preaching of the 40 day warning before the coming destruction. Because of this, the people realized that this was a sign from God that what Jonah was saying was true and they repented and God spared their nation.[…]

๐Ÿ’ซโœ…. The Bur-Sagale (or “Assyrian”) eclipse is generally associated with the eclipse on June 15 of 763 BC, which did indeed go over Assyria and its capital, Nineveh.

๐Ÿ“–โš ๏ธ. While this could explain the Ninevites’ sudden change of heart, this is just speculation. The Book of Jonah is undated, though other sources in the Bible and elsewhere show that the timelines could line up; and the prophet Amos, who spoke around the same time, uses an eclipse to call Judeans to repent. But the book of Jonah doesn’t mention any astronomical event in its explanation of the repentance of Nineveh.

Further, if this was a sign to Nineveh, it wasn’t the only one. In that time, the Neo-Assyrian empire was ruled by Ashur-dan III, who essentially just spent his entire reign putting down revolts. There were also two epidemics of plague sweeping through the kingdom by the time Jonah would’ve arrived. But more importantly than either of those realities, the Assyrian people were already predisposed to see eclipses as portents of doom. God works upon the canvases of the people to whom He speaks; and our current cultural canvas context classifies eclipses as scientific curiosities, not omens.

[…] It is amazing how much American mirrors Ninevah. (If you don’t see it, you may be part of the problem.) […]

This u? “I’m not claiming to know exactly what all of this means…”

Anyway: ๐Ÿ“–๐Ÿ›‘. Since the point of the book of Jonah is Jonah’s obedience, we actually don’t learn a whole lot about Nineveh. About all we know is that they were “evil.” The book of Nahum also prophesies its destruction; but all that it offers by way of explanation is that innocent blood is shed, lies proliferate, and theft and idolatry abound. This is far from a specific indictment, and could easily be applied to pretty much any group of people over a large enough time. Is that enough to make it “amazing how much American [sic] mirrors Ninevah [sic]”?

[…] To make this even more clear, this last eclipse on April 8th will be going over 7 cities here in America called – yep you guessed it – NINEVAH! I honestly didn’t even know that we had any city here in the U.S. named that but here we are – with this eclipse going over these cities (and there will be an 8th one that it goes over also called Ninevah in Canada.)
Here are the cities:
๐Ÿ”บ๐๐ข๐ง๐ž๐ฏ๐ž๐ก, ๐“๐ž๐ฑ๐š๐ฌ
๐Ÿ”บ๐๐ข๐ง๐ž๐ฏ๐ž๐ก, ๐Œ๐ข๐ฌ๐ฌ๐จ๐ฎ๐ซ๐ข
๐Ÿ”บ๐๐ข๐ง๐ž๐ฏ๐ž๐ก, ๐ˆ๐ง๐๐ข๐š๐ง๐š (๐ญ๐ก๐ข๐ฌ ๐ฐ๐ข๐ฅ๐ฅ ๐›๐ž ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ก๐ข๐ ๐ก๐ž๐ฌ๐ญ ๐ฆ๐š๐ ๐ง๐ข๐ญ๐ฎ๐๐ž ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ž๐œ๐ฅ๐ข๐ฉ๐ฌ๐ž ๐Œ๐š๐  ๐Ÿ.๐ŸŽ๐Ÿ๐Ÿ‘, ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ฅ๐จ๐œ๐š๐ฅ ๐ญ๐ข๐ฆ๐ž ๐ฉ๐ซ๐ž๐๐ข๐œ๐ญ๐ž๐ ๐Ÿ๐จ๐ซ ๐ข๐ญ ๐ญ๐จ ๐จ๐œ๐œ๐ฎ๐ซ ๐ข๐ฌ ๐š๐ญ ๐Ÿ‘:๐ŸŽ๐Ÿ• ๐๐Œ)
๐Ÿ”บ๐๐ข๐ง๐ž๐ฏ๐ž๐ก, ๐Ž๐ก๐ข๐จ
๐Ÿ”บ๐๐ข๐ง๐ž๐ฏ๐ž๐ก, ๐๐ž๐ง๐ง๐ฌ๐ฒ๐ฅ๐ฏ๐š๐ง๐ข๐š
๐Ÿ”บ๐๐ข๐ง๐ž๐ฏ๐ž๐ก, ๐•๐ข๐ซ๐ ๐ข๐ง๐ข๐š
๐Ÿ”บ๐๐ข๐ง๐ž๐ฏ๐ž๐ก, ๐๐ž๐ฐ ๐˜๐จ๐ซ๐ค
๐Ÿ”บ๐๐ข๐ง๐ž๐ฏ๐ž๐ก, ๐๐จ๐ฏ๐š ๐’๐œ๐จ๐ญ๐ข๐š (๐๐จ๐ญ ๐ข๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐”๐’) […]

Wouldn’t naming your town “Nineveh” be a little bit…strange? I mean, it’s better than “Gommorrah,” but…

๐Ÿ’ซ๐Ÿ›‘. Actually, this is more of a geography debunk:

  • The path of totality does not travel over Nineveh, Texas, missing it by nearly 30 miles. It’s also not an actual town; it’s so small that I can’t even get a Google Street View of it.
  • The path of totality doesn’t come anywhere near Nineveh, Missouri; in fact, it’ll be on the complete opposite side of the state. And it’s not an actual town, either. It looks like it’s exactly one driveway off of a gravel road in a farming community called Connelsville that’s barely on the map. What did that poor farmer do?
  • For the first time, we have an actual eclipse town! The eclipse actually does pass over Nineveh, Indianasuch as it is. I’ve actually been to Nineveh! Well, through it. On my way somewhere else. Nineveh is an “unincorporated census-designated place” with a population of less than 5,000. They filmed part of Hoosiers there. It’s cute.
    Edit: Oh, forgot to add: it is indeed going to be a pretty good eclipse there, and the time is about right, but while I can’t find any data on its actual magnitude over that exact spot, the actual maximum magnitude for this eclipse will be 1.0566, not 1.023. (“Eclipse magnitude” is the ratio between the moon’s apparent size and the sun’s apparent size. A magnitude over 1 is a total eclipse.)
  • Again, the eclipse will pass over Nineveh, Ohio! But, once again, this isn’t really an actual town. We do have a street view this time, though. Cornfields again.
  • Hardly any bigger than the photo above, Nineveh, Pennsylvania is hours outside the path of totality. Its 735 residents are nowhere near the eclipse.
  • Nineveh, Virginia isn’t a town (it’s a wide spot in US-52), and the eclipse doesn’t even touch the state of Virginia.
  • As far as I can tell, Nineveh, New York is just a bridge and a church for the ~50 homes nearby. It’s not a town, and it’s not in the path of totality.
  • Nineveh, Nova Scotia looks like it might actually be the most populous of the bunch, and even it isn’t a town. Oh, and the eclipse barely takes an edge off of Nova Scotia—an edge that’s nowhere near Nineveh.

It’s also worth noting the other Ninevehs that aren’t included, like the ones in California (a neighborhood in Los Angeles with a bigger population than everywhere else on this list combined) and the Solomon Islands (where it will be night during the eclipse in America). The path of totality won’t be anywhere near those Ninevehs.

So, 0/8. But wait—those places where there’s no totality. There’s still a partial eclipse there, right? Yes, but you could say that about the entire hemisphere. It’s definitely not drawing any alephs across that wide a region. Incidentally, the map with this post that charts a route through all of the Ninevehs that seems to suggest the eclipse will be right overhead? That map is extremely a lie.

Side note, what is with her formatting? I associate this pseudo-serifed unicode trickery with spam emails and phishing posts on Facebook. What’s going on here?

[…] Could this be that God is warning us just as He warned Ninevah? There have been many “Jonahs” in the past few years warning the nation that we need to repent and add in this sign above our heads – we can’t turn away from the fact that it is not a coincidence. […]

๐Ÿ“–๐Ÿ›‘. I mean, if by “the past few years” you mean “all of them”—as in, every year since the founding of this country—then yes, there have been many “Jonahs” warning Americans to repent. So, could this be another warning? Or a sign to confirm one of those warnings?

Well, first we need to clarify: repent of what? The “Jonahs” who have called Americans to repent have called us to repent of many, many things: our presence in the U.N., for instance. Premarital sex. Affirming gay marriage. Not affirming gay marriage. True prophetic calls to repentance need to be clear and unambiguous, but this is anything but. Be clear, Dawn. Don’t just be vague.

[…] But if you need more proof, let’s keep going…
2) The first part of this 3 part eclipse series was in 2017. The path of that eclipse went over 7 cities named Salem, which is short for Jerusalem.
๐Ÿ”บ๐’๐š๐ฅ๐ž๐ฆ, ๐Ž๐ซ๐ž๐ ๐จ๐ง
๐Ÿ”บ๐’๐š๐ฅ๐ž๐ฆ, ๐ˆ๐๐š๐ก๐จ
๐Ÿ”บ๐’๐š๐ฅ๐ž๐ฆ, ๐–๐ฒ๐จ๐ฆ๐ข๐ง๐ 
๐Ÿ”บ๐’๐š๐ฅ๐ž๐ฆ, ๐๐ž๐›๐ซ๐š๐ฌ๐ค๐š
๐Ÿ”บ๐’๐š๐ฅ๐ž๐ฆ, ๐Œ๐ข๐ฌ๐ฌ๐จ๐ฎ๐ซ๐ข
๐Ÿ”บ๐’๐š๐ฅ๐ž๐ฆ, ๐Š๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ฎ๐œ๐ค๐ฒ
๐Ÿ”บ๐’๐š๐ฅ๐ž๐ฆ, ๐’๐จ๐ฎ๐ญ๐ก ๐‚๐š๐ซ๐จ๐ฅ๐ข๐ง๐š
The mathmatical “chance” of there being 7 Salem’s with the first eclipse and then 7 Ninevah’s for the 3rd eclipse is unthinkable. But what about the 2nd part of the eclipse? […]

๐Ÿ“–๐Ÿ›‘. Actually, the Biblical city of Salem is just the home of Melchizedek; it might’ve been Jerusalem, but there’s no direct evidence of that.

๐Ÿ’ซ๐Ÿ›‘. I’m not going to go through every Salem here, but while the 2017 eclipse did indeed pass over Salem, Oregon, there’s no evidence of a place named “Salem” in Idaho or Wyoming, the Salems in Nebraska and South Carolina have a population under 200 put together, and with 41 communities named “Salem” in the United States it’s actually a bit surprising mathematically that only seven of them were crossed by the 2017 eclipse. Not to mention that two of the most notable Salems in the United States—Salem, Massachusetts and Winston-Salem, North Carolina—are notably outside the path of totality.

[…] 3) Perhaps the most striking piece of the 2nd eclipse is that the precise center-line of eclipse path exits the USA directly over Corpus Christi. Corpus Christi means the โ€œBody of Christโ€ and is one of the only towns named that in the world!
But let’s go back to this upcoming eclipse and dig even deeper… […]

๐Ÿ’ซโœ…. The centerline of the 2017 eclipse did indeed pass through the center of Corpus Christi.

๐Ÿ“–โš ๏ธ. While “Corpus Christi” does indeed mean “The Body of Christ,” it’s not named after Jesus’ earthly body, but the Catholic feast day celebrating it (Catholic feast subjects are weird, y’all). If you’re curious, it’s 60 days after Easter.

[…] 4) Jonah was giving a 40 day warning to Ninevah during the eclipse. If you look at our April 8th eclipse and fast forward 40 days then you will get to May 18, 2024 – the day before Pentecost. […]

So it’s 41 days before Pentecost. Don’t play rhetorical games here; God’s signs aren’t “almosts” or “just abouts.” When God speaks, no one paying attention can be confused.

[…] The history of Pentecost is that is the last Spring Feast that the Lord has given us (there are 4 in the Spring and 3 in the Fall). […]

๐Ÿ“–๐Ÿ›‘. Unlike feasts and festivals that actually were prescribed in the Bible, the celebration of Pentecost was never directly given by God.

๐Ÿ“–๐Ÿ›‘. Additionally, there are traditionally four or five liturgical feasts in most Western Christian traditions: Christmas, Easter, and Pentecost are usually agreed upon, with Epiphany, Good Friday, and Ascension being wild cards. In either case, none of them are in the fall; Christmas and Epiphany are solidly in the winter, Good Friday, Easter, and Ascension slide back and forth between winter and spring, and Pentecost slides back and forth between spring and summer. Orthodox Christians have twelve feasts, as I understand it, spread more or less evenly throughout the year. But I have no idea where she’s getting this seven number.

[…] This is the day that the Lord sent the Holy Spirit down to all those who have accepted Christ. We are told that the “Restrainer” (many believe this is the Holy Spirit) will be removed before the Tribulation – could it be that this is a warning for that? I’m not sure as that is a worldwide event and this eclipse will be just over North America but it is something definitely to think and pray about for more clarity and wisdom. No matter what, there are too many things lining up for it to not be nothing and so my job is to get the information out to you all so that you can at least be aware of these signs that God is giving us so that you can pray about it. […]

๐Ÿ“–๐Ÿ›‘. Ok, this is a little wonky, but I think it’s an important distinction: Pentecost was the day that the Lord sent the Holy Spirit down to all those who were gathered. Early Christians had no concept of “accepting” Christ, only of “following” Him, and the outpouring of the Holy Spirit came upon about 120 followers of Jesus who were gathered together in community after His ascension. Whether or not “accepting” Christ is a helpful way to express the event of salvation is something for people smarter than me to discuss, but I don’t think it really is.

๐Ÿ“–โš ๏ธ. The identification of 1 Thessalonians 2’s “restrainer” as the Holy Spirit is heavily contested (as, to her credit, Dawn acknowledges). Tagging the Holy Spirit with this role is fairly dispensationalist in nature.

๐Ÿ’ซโš ๏ธ. The eclipse’s land coverage is indeed only over North America, but most of its path is actually over the ocean. It begins over the Pacific, nearly at Samoa, and ends over the Atlantic, 2/3 of the way to Europe.

๐Ÿ’ซ๐Ÿ›‘. Technically speaking, the “too many things lining up” are as follows:

  1. The Sun
  2. The Moon
  3. The Earth

And I hope, for all our sakes, it’s in that order.

๐Ÿ›‘. This is just a normal fact check. Dawn is not a journalist or theologian, she is an influencer. “Her job” is not to get any information out to anyone.

[…] But let’s keep going…
5) From the start of this 3 part eclipse to the end, it will be 7 years. God uses numbers a lot to communicate with us, and 7 has a ton of meaning. A few examples are – He created the world in 7 days, there will be a 7 year tribulation, 7 is used for completion, etc. […]

๐Ÿ’ซ๐Ÿ›‘. As noted before, it’s actually kind of surprising how not a 3-part anything this is. But even if we grant her premise, it’s actually only been 6 years, 7 months since the “first” eclipse.

๐Ÿ“–โš ๏ธ. There’s not really any evidence that God communicates with us using the number seven. At least not before the fact.

๐Ÿ“–โœ…. Seven does indeed come up a lot in Scripture. Its meaning is generally associated with perfection.

๐Ÿ“–โš ๏ธ. The tribulation described in Revelation (and elsewhere) isn’t explicitly stated to be seven years; that’s a dispensationalist view, and isn’t universally accepted among even the Evangelical community, let alone Christianity as a whole.

[…] 6) Going back to how this correlates with Jonah & Ninevah’s story -at the time of this eclipse, there will be another sign in the sky…it will take place under the constellation, Cetus, which is the whale constellation! […]

๐Ÿ’ซ๐Ÿ›‘. Cetus isn’t a whale, it’s a sea monster.

๐Ÿ“–๐Ÿ›‘. Jonah wasn’t swallowed by a whale.

๐Ÿ“–๐Ÿ›‘. While constellations and a zodiac existed in ancient Israel, there’s little to no evidence in the Bible of God using them to communicate with His people. Constellations and horoscopes are the domain of astrology, not theology.

๐Ÿ’ซ๐Ÿ›‘. Cetus is practically always in the sky in the Northern hemisphere. It’s huge.

[…] And not only will it pass through the 8 cities in North America named Ninevah, it will also pass through Jonah, Texas! Speaking of other towns that it will pass through, these are some of the other city names that it will go right over:
๐Ÿ”บRapture, Indiana
๐Ÿ”บWilliamston, Kentucky – this is where the Ark Encounter is located. The Ark Encounter is a full size replica of Noah’s Ark.
๐Ÿ”บEagle Pass, Texas – where we are having so many border issues. […]

๐Ÿ’ซ๐Ÿ›‘. Oh, are we doing geography again? No, the Eclipse will not go over Williamstown, Kentucky or the Ark Encounter. Rapture, Indiana has a population of one as of 2011. And the southern border of the United States is 1,954 miles; of course the eclipse will be going over it.

[…] ๐Ÿ”บAnd the point where it crosses the 2017 eclipse to mark the center of the X is an area in southern Illinois called Little Egypt. What is even more fascinating about this is that Little Egypt is sandwiched in between 2 other cities called Alpha, Kentucky and Omega, Illinois – both having the 2017 eclipse come over their cities. […]

๐Ÿ’ซ๐Ÿ›‘. Yes, Southern Illinois is called Little Egypt—but all of it is. If the path of totality went over Illinois at all, it would go over Little Egypt. Everything south of St. Louis is “Little Egypt.”

๐Ÿ’ซ๐Ÿ›‘. This is laughable: Okay, yes, there is a town in Kentucky named Alpha (another unincorporated community, not a city, though this one is big enough to have a post office). It is not in the path of totality, and it also was not in 2017. And while there is a township in Illinois called Omega, it’s definitely not a city; it will be in the path of totality next month, but it wasn’t in 2017. Interestingly, there’s a town near Omega Township called Salem; I’m surprised Dawn didn’t jump on that.

So how small is this “sandwich?”

Over four hundred miles.

It’s 93 miles from Carbondale to Omega, and 314 miles from Carbondale to Alpha. It’s “sandwiched” the same way Philadelphia is sandwiched between New York and Washington. It’s “sandwiched” the same way you are sandwiched between your nearest artisanal bakery to the east and the bread aisle at your nearest supermarket to the north.

Pretty airy sandwich, if you ask me.

[…] Furthermore, the intersection of the 2017 and 2024 solar eclipses occurs directly over the New Madrid Fault Line, a major seismic zone. An earthquake along this fault line could potentially destroy the U.S., making it one of the most perilous fault lines in the country. I have no idea if this will happen or not, but there are too many things here that are all literally lining up to not share with everyone. […]

๐Ÿ’ซโœ…. The New Madrid Fault Line is in fact a major seismic zone, and it is does indeed run through New Madrid, Missouri (which is in the path of totality). But…

๐Ÿ’ซโš ๏ธ. …the Reelfoot Rift actually stretches nearly 150 miles southwest from the southern tip of Illinois into Missouri and then on under Arkansas. Further, there has not been a major geological event in the NMSZ since 1968. In addition…

๐Ÿ’ซ๐Ÿ›‘. …there’s no evidence or even suggestion that it could “destroy the U.S.” A team of researchers evaluated the effects of a 7.7-magnitude earthquake caused by a simultaneous rupture of all three segments of the New Madrid fault line and found that it would likely cause the most expensive natural disaster in the United States, heavily damage major US cities in 11 states, potentially destroy St. Louis and Memphis, and displace over seven million people; but as tragic as this would be, it would not “destroy the U.S.”

[…] 7) One more interesting fact is that there are 2,422 days in between the 2017 eclipse and the 2024 eclipse. If you look up 2422 in Strong’s Concordance, an Bible concordance that has every word of the KJV, takes us to Exodus 1:19 which says,
โ€œ๐“๐ก๐ž ๐ฆ๐ข๐๐ฐ๐ข๐ฏ๐ž๐ฌ ๐š๐ง๐ฌ๐ฐ๐ž๐ซ๐ž๐ ๐๐ก๐š๐ซ๐š๐จ๐ก, โ€œ๐‡๐ž๐›๐ซ๐ž๐ฐ ๐ฐ๐จ๐ฆ๐ž๐ง ๐š๐ซ๐ž ๐ง๐จ๐ญ ๐ฅ๐ข๐ค๐ž ๐„๐ ๐ฒ๐ฉ๐ญ๐ข๐š๐ง ๐ฐ๐จ๐ฆ๐ž๐ง; ๐ญ๐ก๐ž๐ฒ ๐š๐ซ๐ž ๐ฏ๐ข๐ ๐จ๐ซ๐จ๐ฎ๐ฌ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ ๐ข๐ฏ๐ž ๐›๐ข๐ซ๐ญ๐ก ๐›๐ž๐Ÿ๐จ๐ซ๐ž ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ฆ๐ข๐๐ฐ๐ข๐ฏ๐ž๐ฌ ๐š๐ซ๐ซ๐ข๐ฏ๐ž.”
Why would this be of any significance? […]

Ya got me, Dawn. Why?

๐Ÿ“–๐Ÿ›‘. We’re deep in the weeds now. This process of calculating days, going to that word number in a specific Bible concordance, and then following the reference to that specific verse is a level of divination that’s right up there with Michael Drosnin’s critically-panned 1997 book The Bible Code. It’s basically Bible roulette. But, to be clear: there is no theological basis for this whatsoever. Dawn may as well be throwing a dart at an open Bible here; just because she wrote a date on that dart doesn’t mean anything.

[…] Well, to me, it reminds me of how Jesus said that His return would be like a woman in labor with the signs of His coming growing stronger and closer together. We are at a point in history where we are seeing all of the signs that He gave us happening before our eyes. In fact, we are even seeing things that will happen during the tribulation get setup now. If we are seeing those things being setup now, that must mean that we are super close to it actually happening. […]

๐Ÿ“–โš ๏ธ. Christians don’t even all agree that the tribulation is in the future. It may have already happened. Dispensationalist theology was considered fringe until last century, and “all of the signs” are happening before our eyes at roughly the same cadence they have been for the past two thousand years.

[…] Going back to God saying that He uses the sun, moon and stars to show us signs – and then Jesus saying that the signs of His coming will be like a woman in labor, well this information leading us back to Exodus 1:19 explaining that the Hebrew women have labor fast is so interesting to me! Could we be on the brink of the rapture and tribulation!? I don’t know exactly when it will happen […]

Nice save.

[…] but Jesus did tell us that we would know the season and I do believe that we have been in that season for the past few years and are pushing closer and closer to it! […]

๐Ÿ“–โš ๏ธ. This is probably Dawn’s interpretation of Matthew 24:32-35, wherein Jesus likens the coming of the End Times to the coming of summer. But just a few verses prior, we see Jesus saying, “So if anyone tells you, โ€˜There he is, out in the wilderness,โ€™ do not go out; or, โ€˜Here he is, in the inner rooms,โ€™ do not believe it. For as lightning that comes from the east is visible even in the west, so will be the coming of the Son of Man.” (Matthew 24:26-27, NIV) The end times won’t be a secret or a code hidden only to the super-faithful; they’ll be apparent to everyone.

[…] So what do you do with all of this information?
It is no secret that this world has gone mad and everyone knows that there is something happening behind the scenes that feels really uncomfortable. If you have that feeling, you are right! […]

Well, which is it, Dawn? Is it no secret, or is it a feeling that only a few have? This is such a vague claim, I can’t even evaluate whether it’s true or not.

[…] There is a major push for things to happen that were predicted to happen over 2,000 years ago. Most people seek their understanding in the wrong place though. They look to the news and the world to guide them; however, these sources will only bring more questions, not answers. It causes people to live in fear, anxiety and depression. However, Jesus didn’t want us to live that way. He gave us the information so that we would know what is happening when we see these things. […]

Well, which is it, Dawn? Is it your job to give people the news, or will the news just bring more questions, not answers?

๐Ÿ“–โœ…. Jesus did not want His people to live in fear, anxiety, and depression; and He did tell us about the future so that we would not need to. โ€œI have told you these things, so that in me you may have peace. In this world you will have trouble. But take heart! I have overcome the world.โ€

That said…I find this message of hers at odds with the entire rest of the post. The amount of dread washing over every word is palpable.

[…] The first piece of living in His knowledge is accepting that God sent His son, Jesus, to die for our sins and on the 3rd day, Jesus rose from the grave and conquered death. The second piece is to repent to God of your sins and turn away from your sins. […]

๐Ÿ“–โš ๏ธ. Look, I’m a Reformed guy, so I’m going to see words like “accept” and immediately be triggered. I’ll just leave it at that.

[…] Most churches only teach how God loves you but don’t teach repentance anymore […]

The rest of this is basically an altar call.

[…] and that is a HUGE part of your faith. Jesus said that there will be many who come to Him and say, “Lord, Lord, I knew you.” But because they didn’t repent of their sins and seek Jesus’ ways instead of their own, He will reply, “Get away from me, I never knew you.” We cannot just live however we want without any consequences. Even little children understand this concept, but it has been lost on most adults. This is why Ninevah was going to see destruction – because they were a self-serving, sinful nation – just like America is today. You can’t change the heart of this nation, but you can change your heart and lead your homes to do the same. Third, pray for wisdom in these areas.
I know this has been incredibly deep but just like Proverbs 25:2 says, “It is the glory of God to conceal a thing, but the honor of kings is to search out a matter.” This sign in the sky will be right over your head in just a few weeks – will you have the eyes to see what it really means?โ€ […]

Well, at least she identified an actual sin for Nineveh.

Oh, I guess I can also do one more fact check, and end on a high note:

๐Ÿ“–โœ…. Repentance is, indeed, a huge part of faith.

[…] A huge thanks to these sources:
https://eclipsewitness.com/american-eclipse-judgment
Vincent James

And again my red flags come out. “eclipsewitness.com” reproduces all the problems I’ve outlined above and then some, with a smattering of pro-Trump rhetoric sprinkled over the top. He also seems to have a couple of books to sell, and I would guess he really wants to move those within the next three weeks or so. And Vincent James is a super far right “influencer” on Xwitter; he turns the “nationalist” knob up to 11. Any “information” or “source” he provides should be viewed with skepticism and fact-checked extensively, because it’s likely to be cherry-picked to align with a worldview.

• • •

Side note: I’ve also seen a version of this shared with Matthew 12:38-39 on it, suggesting that the eclipse is the “sign of Jonah” that Jesus mentioned, and that it further foretells judgement on a “crooked generation.”

๐Ÿ“–๐Ÿ›‘. I implore those people to read literally the very next verse, where Jesus actually explicitly tells you what the Sign of Jonah is—namely, being buried for three days— and then explicitly explains that sign by saying that He’s the one who will be buried for three days.

It’s not a warning of future judgement upon America. It’s a foretelling of his own future crucifixion. That one already came true.

• • •

At the end of the day, God isn’t playing some coy game with Christians in America. He’s not hiding the truth about the Rapture in arcane machinations and revolutions of moon and sun. That’s not the way He has ever operated in the past, and no amount of manufactured “evidence” is going to change that.

Putting aside the fact that dispensationalism—and the rapture with it—is a widely discredited theology that only gained traction in the United States because of racism, any prediction of the end times has only ever been a guarantee that the time predicted probably isn’t when they’re going to begin. Remember Harold Camping? Billboards went up all over the place with his assertion that judgment day would be on May 21, 2011, and a seal that said “The Bible Guarantees It.” We’ll be celebrating the thirteenth anniversary of that day in a couple of months.

Predicting judgment day is a pastime that never goes well. Please pray, if you’re a praying person. And if you’re intrigued by the claims of Jesus, I encourage you to investigate them. But don’t worry about the end times prophecies.

Just put on your eclipse glasses and enjoy the show. Dread not, fear not; it is given to us to enjoy this experience, not run in terror at it. Take heart and have peace: God is a good God, and He will take care of us.

Eclipse Day update

I’m seeing an additional set of…let’s say “a set of sentences” come up a lot recently, so I thought I’d do a last-minute fact-check:

Here’s everything happening on April 8th:

• Rare Solar Eclipse […]

๐Ÿ’ซ๐Ÿ›‘. As noted above, there are two solar eclipses every year on average. There’s nothing rare about this one, except that it happens to be going over our heads in a swath of the Midwestern USA.

[…] • Cosmic Explosion […]

๐Ÿ’ซ๐Ÿ›‘. I don’t know exactly what they’re calling a “Cosmic Explosion” here, but if it’s the T Coronae Borealis nova, we don’t actually have an exact date on when we’ll see it (could be tonight, more likely it’ll be the middle of the summer), and it actually happened 3,000 years ago.

[…] • Devil Comet […]

๐Ÿ’ซ๐Ÿ›‘. Comet 12P/Pons-Brooks has been in the sky since last year. Its closest approach is in June. It probably won’t even be visible today, because it’s very dim.

๐Ÿ’ซ๐Ÿ›‘. It’s only called the “Devil Comet” because it briefly had an outburst that looked like horns.

[…] • CERN is being turned on first time since 2022 […]

๐Ÿ’ซ๐Ÿ›‘. CERN’s LHC was activated and achieved a stable beam on Friday, April 5.

๐Ÿ’ซ๐Ÿ›‘. It was also run in 2023 and 2022.

[…] • Allegedly states are preparing for state of emergency and deploying National Guards […]

โš ๏ธ. Some states are preparing for a state of emergency due to huge crowds. Indianapolis, where I live, will have up to a million people showing up over the next couple of hours—nearly doubling the population of the metro area. That’s going to probably cause a lot of cell phone outages, food shortages, and heavy traffic. It’ll be like a major sporting event, but across entire states, and it’ll only last about four minutes.

[…] • NASA Launching 3 Rockets at the eclipse “to study” it. NASA is calling it Project Serpent Deity […]

๐Ÿ’ซ๐Ÿ›‘. The NASA sounding rocket experiment is actually called Atmospheric Perturbations around Eclipse Path (APEP). Apep was indeed a serpent deity in Egyptian mythology, but the name has nothing to do with that.

๐Ÿ’ซ๐Ÿ›‘. This same experiment was done during the 2023 eclipse. Nothing happened except an eclipse and some information gathering.

[…] • Bible Prophetic signs to repent […]

๐Ÿ“–โš ๏ธ. As noted above, there have been prophets warning people to repent since approximately the creation of the universe. That’s nothing new. Earthquakes and wars happen all the time. There are no actual new or unusual Biblical signs currently.

[…] • Eclipse will awaken two broods of Locusts(Cicadas) that have not been awake together since 200 years[…]

๐Ÿ›‘. Locusts aren’t cicadas.

โš ๏ธ. The cicadas aren’t coming out in the midwest until mid-April.

โš ๏ธ. Brood XIX was last out 13 years ago, and brood XIII was last out 17 years ago. While it’s true that they haven’t both been out at the same time in about 200 years, periodic infrequent events happen simultaneously all the time. The confluence is nothing to write home about.

• • •

Merry Eclipsemas! Enjoy the show!

A Lunar Itinerary

The hilarious image of the Apollo 11 astronauts’ US Customs form, filled out upon their return to Earth through Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, has been going around the internet again; so I thought I might share one of my favorite little pieces of NASA spaceflight miscellanea: Buzz Aldrin’s travel expenses.

Upon returning to Earth from his history-making trip to the lunar surface, Buzz Aldrin filled out a travel expense voucher to get reimbursed for his “official travel.” It’s a delightfully mundane and hilarious thing, that nonetheless highlights some pretty interesting stuff about the jaw-dropping trip to the moon that he, Neil Armstrong, and Michael Collins undertook fifty-five years ago this summer.

His official itinerary is more detailed than the one provided on the customs form. Here it is in full, with some annotation. All dates are, naturally, in July of 1969:

7-7 | LV: Residence | 0445 | POV
(note: POV means “Privately Owned Vehicle.” Aldrin reported 8 miles for this leg of the journey and was reimbursed 56ยข.)
7-7 | AR: EAFB | 0500
(note: EAFB is “Ellington Air Force Base” in Houston)
7-7 | LV: EAFB | 0530 | Gov. Air
7-7 | AR: Cape Kennedy, Fla. | 0800
7-16 | LV: Cape Kennedy, Fla. | 0832 | Gov. Spacecraft
(note: Saturn V serial number SA-506, of course)
7-19 | AR: Moon | 1325
7-21 | LV: Moon | 2400 | Gov. Spacecraft
(note: transfer from NASA LM-5 Eagle to NASA CSM-107 Columbia not listed)
7-24 | AR: Pacific Ocean | 0600
(note: at 13ยฐ19โ€ฒN 169ยฐ9โ€ฒW in the North Pacific, about 920 miles or 1480 km from Honolulu)
7-24 | LV: Pacific Ocean | 0800 | USN Hornett
(note: Aldrin misspelled the name of the US navy aircraft carrier Hornet here.)
7-26 | AR: Hawaii | 0900
(note: Pearl Harbor, to be specific)
7-26 | LV: Hawaii | 1200 | USAF Plane
(note: the particular plane was a C-141B Starlifter designated 66-7958 USAF, which I cannot find a name for.)
7-27 | AR: EAFB | 0100
7-27 | LV: EAFB | 0215 | Gov. Veh.
(note: the Government Vehicle in question was the Mobile Quarantine Facility (MQF), a converted Airstream trailer. They would stay in the MQF for three weeks. Actually, they boarded the MQF on the Hornet; it was then loaded into 66-7958 in Hawaii and unloaded in Houston.)
7-27 | AR: LRL | 0300
(note: LRL is the Lunar Receiving Laboratory, building 37 at Johnson Space Center in Houston.)
A notation beneath this itinerary reads:
Government meals and quarters furnished for all the above dates.

Aldrin also reported 100 miles of “official vicinity travel” at Cape Kennedy for the nine days between his arrival and departure, for which he was reimbursed $10. Another note reads
POV authorized for official vicinity travel at Cape Kennedy, Fla. in leiu [sic] of rental car.
I can’t find any information about what POV this is; he left his personal vehicle in Houston when he flew on a government plane to Florida, so perhaps he owned two cars?

There are three handwritten notes beneath that which I cannot read but claim $8.00 and $19.25, as well as $4.50 of charges that he subtracts from the total; these three are listed in the “subsistence” column. The grand total claimed on this voucher are $33.31 ($279.17 in 2024 dollars), and it was approved by someone named “C.W. Bird.”

I find it so fantastic that a man who went to the moon still had to deal with paperwork once he returned. What a gem was 1960s NASA. A delightful interaction between the sublime moon and the mundane Earth.

Paintings in this post are from a set of NASA images produced before the launch and originally shared in a PopSci article. Here’s some more (click each to enlarge):

The Great Moon War

This innocuous-looking meme came up on a friend’s feed recently, with the caption “I need to know”:

My immediate thought was, “They aren’t, though!” The reality is so much cooler than that, and this joke actually asks a really interesting question with an even cooler answer.

Tidal Locking means that the same side of the Moon always faces the Earth.

So, first of all, yes, the moon is “tidally locked” with Earth, so only one side ever faces us (incidentally, this means that there’s no “Dark Side” of the Moon; only a “far side”). Tidal locking is going to come up later, so remember that. But the mares (MAH-rays)โ€”the dark marks on the moonโ€”are actually cooled lava flows, not craters.

And it’s actually the fact that meteors don’t hit the near side as often that is the reason we can still see the mares at all; there have, at one time or another, probably been such mares on all sides of the moon, but the others got pummeled into oblivion.

Ok, cool, but…what caused the lava flows that made the mares?

They were created when meteors hitting the far side of the moon made a huge enough impact to cause lunar volcanoes on the near side. (And if “lunar volcanoes” isn’t the coolest phrase you have heard this week, you live a pretty exciting life.)

Oh but wait, it gets better. Due to the way the Earth-Moon system worksโ€”that is, as mentioned before, that the moon is tidally-lockedโ€”there’s a good chance that, if the moon wasn’t there, those meteors would probably have hit Earth instead.

So the mares aren’t the remnants of the Earth-Moon war. They’re the battle scars of the moon taking bullets that were meant for us.

Thanks Moon.

X-Germ-X

This was originally typed out to a Reddit user who asked the following question. His comment was removed before my reply was complete, but I had already done all the research, so I decided to drop it in anyway.

So you are telling me sanitizer does not remove germs?

Yes, correct. Many studies have shown hand sanitizer to be largely ineffective; alcohol and Triclosan deployed via hand sanitizers allow most dangerous, disease-causing bacteria to survive. The “99.9%” that Purell talks about? That’s largely stuff that’s part of your microbiome and is supposed to be there. The .1% is mostly the stuff you don’t want, but hand sanitizer can’t touch it.

In addition (and probably more frightening), hand sanitizers may encourage antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria to proliferate, while also giving them a relatively simple transmission vector (namely, your hands).

Triclosan has also been linked to higher rates of allergy diagnosis, meaning that it is actually negatively impacting your immune system.

Finally, Triclosan leeches BPA from clear bottles (like the ones it comes in), receipt paper, and other sources, causing them to be absorbed into your skin much more readily and potentially leading to higher instances of hormone disorders, cancer, heart disease, infertility, and diabetes.

So, no, don’t use hand sanitizer. When you sneeze, use a tissue if you have one, or your upper sleeve (that is to say, elbow) if you don’t.

Stay healthy out there!

Airplane on a Treadmill

by Randall Munroe of xkcd. ย Originally posted at blog.xkcd.com; reposted here for language sensitive audiences.

airplane

Feynman used to tell a story about a simple lawn-sprinkler physics problem. The nifty thing about the problem was that the answer was immediately obvious, but to some people it was immediately obvious one way and to some it was immediately obvious the other. (For the record, the answer to Feynman problem, which he never tells you in his book, was that the sprinkler doesnโ€™t move at all. Moreover, he only brought it up to start an argument to act as a diversion while he seduced your mother in the other room.)

The airplane/treadmill problem is similar. It contains a basic ambiguity, and people resolve it one of a couple different ways. The tricky thing is, each group thinks the other is making a very simple physics mistake. So you get two groups each condescendingly explaining basic physics and math to the other. This is why, for example, the airplane/treadmill problem is a banned topic on the xkcd forums (along with argument about whether 0.999โ€ฆ = 1).

The problem is as follows:sauropod

Imagine a 747 is sitting on a conveyor belt, as wide and long as a runway. The conveyor belt is designed to exactly match the speed of the wheels, moving in the opposite direction. Can the plane take off?

The practical answer is โ€œyesโ€. A 747โ€™s engines produce a quarter of a million pounds of thrust. That is, each engine is powerful enough to launch a brachiosaurus straight up (see diagram). With that kind of force, no matter whatโ€™s happening to the treadmill and wheels, the plane is going to move forward and take off.

But thereโ€™s a problem. Letโ€™s take a look at the statement โ€œThe conveyor belt is designed to exactly match the speed of the wheelsโ€. What does that mean?

Well, as I see it, there are three possible interpretations.ย  Letโ€™s consider each one based on this diagram:

treadmill_diagram

  1. vB=vC: The belt always moves at the same speed as the bottom of the wheel. This is always true if the wheels arenโ€™t sliding, and could simply describe a treadmill with no motor. I havenโ€™t seen many people subscribe to this interpretation.
  2. vC=vW: That is, if the axle is moving forward (relative to the ground, not the treadmill) at 5 m/s, the treadmill moves backward at 5 m/s. This is physically plausible. All it means is that the wheels will spin twice as fast as normal, but that wonโ€™t stop the plane from taking off. People who subscribe to this interpretation tend to assume the people who disagree with them think airplanes are powered by their wheels.
  3. vC=vW+vB: What if we hook up a speedometer to the wheel, and make the treadmill spin backward as fast as the speedometer says the plane is going forward? Then the โ€œspeedometer speedโ€ would be vW+vB โ€” the relative speed of the wheel over the treadmill. This is, for example, how a car-onโ€“a-treadmill setup would work. This is the assumption that most of the โ€˜stationary planeโ€™ people subscribe to. The problem with this is that itโ€™s an ill-defined system. For non-slip tires, vB=vC. So vC=vW+vC. If we make vWpositive, there is no value vC can take to make the equation true. (For those stubbornly clinging to vestiges of reality, in a system where the treadmill responds via a PID controller, the result would be the treadmill quickly spinning up to infinity.) So, in this system, the plane cannot have a nonzero speed. (Weโ€™ll call this the โ€œJetBlueโ€ scenario.)

But if we push with the engines, what happens? The terms of the problem tell us that the plane cannot have a nonzero speed, but thereโ€™s no physical mechanism that would plausibly make this happen. The treadmill could spin the wheels, but the acceleration would destroy them before it stopped the plane. The problem is basically asking โ€œwhat happens if you take a plane that canโ€™t move and move it?โ€ It might intrigue literary critics, but itโ€™s a poor physics question.

So, people who go with interpretation #3 notice immediately that the plane cannot move and keep trying to condescendingly explain to the #2 crowd that nothing they say changes the basic facts of the problem. The #2 crowd is busy explaining to the #3 crowd that planes arenโ€™t driven by their wheels. Of course, this being the internet, thereโ€™s also a #4 crowd loudly arguing that even if the plane was able to move, it couldnโ€™t have been what hit the Pentagon.

All in all, itโ€™s a lovely recipe for an internet argument, and itโ€™s been had too many times. So letโ€™s see if we can avoid that. I suggest posting stories about something that happened to you recently, and post nice things about other peoplesโ€™ stories. If youโ€™re desperate to tell me that Iโ€™m wrong on the internet, donโ€™t bother. Iโ€™ve snuck onto the plane into first class with the #5 crowd and weโ€™re busy finding out how many cocktails theyโ€™ll serve while weโ€™re waiting for the treadmill to start. God help us if, after the fourth round of drinks, someone brings up the two envelopes paradox.

Munroe’s website is typicallyย licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 2.5 License; that license is assumed here.

MIND BLOWING!!!

Whenever I see videos like this, I always want to know just how MIND-BLOWING!!! they really are.

So I pulled out a piece of paper and a red pen (so I could look like a teacher) and did some math.

  • mathThere are 50 states, but only 12 letters at the end of each. Those twelve letters are: A, S, O, E, N, I, T, Y, D, K, H, and G. (Interestingly, you can spell “STATES” with those letters, though not “UNITED.” But you can spell “INSANITY” and “SEGA”)
  • But it’s not an even distribution; 21 end with A, 5 end with S, and 4 each end with O, E, and N. So 1/3 of all letters account for 76% of the states.
  • Guess which ones he picked to be red? That’s right: A, Y, D, O, S, T, E, I, Y (again), D (again), and N. All but three letters that actually end a state name are colored red.
  • The only three that aren’t red are K, H, and G, which account for 3 states: New YorK, UtaH, and WyominG. K and H are white, and H and G are blue (that’s right, H is both white AND blue).
  • Now is where he engages in some social engineering. You’re most likely to choose the state you live in or a state you’d like to go, and the most populous states have a last letter colored red.
  • Hawaii, California and Florida are popular tourist destinations, and they’re all red. Alaska is an outlier state, which makes it likely to be chosen, and it’s red.
  • But he’s got a problem, because a lot of people have heard of (and live in) New York. Now, people outside the US are pretty likely to just think that New York is just a city, and NOT a state; but that aside, he’s got to try to get you not to pick New York. So he mentions New York and Utah as his examples, which inclines you to NOT CHOOSE THEM. (if he mentioned them, why would you choose them? It wouldn’t be as MIND-BLOWING!!! that way.) He doesn’t mention Wyoming because the odds are probably fairy low that you’d choose that one anyway.

And just like that, you’re all but guaranteed to pick anything but K, H, and G. Which means you’re all but guaranteed to pick a red letter.
MIND-BLOWING!!!

Interestingly, this would work if Puerto Rico were a state, but not if Washington DC were a state. It would also work if, like Joey from Friends, you thought New England was a state.